Polylactic acid (PLA)

Polylactic acid (PLA)

The production of polylactic acid is based on lactic acid. Traditional lactic acid fermentation mostly uses starchy raw materials.At present, the United States, France, Japan and other countries have developed and used agricultural and sideline products such as corn, sugar cane, sugar beet, and potatoes as raw materials to ferment lactic acid, and then produce polylactic acid. Corn is the preferred raw material for the biodegradable plastic polylactic acid.

The process of making biodegradable plastic polylactic acid is as follows: first, the corn is ground into powder, the starch is separated, the original glucose is extracted from the starch, and finally the glucose is converted into lactic acid by a fermentation process similar to beer, and then the extracted Lactic acid makes the final polymer, polylactic acid.

Polylactic acid is a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable resources such as grains. In the polylactic acid production route, the lactic acid monomer is first prepared by hydrolyzing grain starch into glucose, and the glucose is converted into sodium lactate by the fermentation process. Lactic acid is further concentrated and then polymerized in the order of polycondensation (to form prepolymer), thermal depolymerization (to form dilactide), ring-opening polymerization, and depolymerization. The molecular weight of the obtained polylactic acid is as high as 75000 g/mol. Lactic acid polycondensation reaction is carried out by conventional methods, and only lactic acid oligomers can be obtained.The most studied method for preparing high molecular weight PLA is through the ring-opening polymerization of lactide, which is synthesized from lactic acid oligomers through high-temperature cracking.

There are detailed reports on the mechanism and reaction conditions of the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Japan's Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd. proposed a new technology to prepare polylactic acid directly by lactic acid polycondensation reaction without lactide. This technology uses a highly active catalyst to obtain high molecular weight polylactic acid through solution polycondensation.

Polylactic acid (PLA):
Because lactic acid and lactide contain asymmetric carbon atoms, PLA with different stereoregularities, such as L-PLA, D-PLA and DL-PLA, can be obtained by polymerization. The degradation of PLA is divided into two stages:
1) First, it is pure chemical hydrolysis to lactic acid monomer;
2) The lactic acid monomer is degraded into carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms. The food cup made of polylactic acid can be completely degraded in only 60 days, which truly achieves the dual effect of ecology and economy.

PBAT (polyterephthalic acid/adipic acid/butanediol):
Itself is a biodegradable material, it is a material with lower cost, high mechanical properties, good biosafety, and PBAT production with independent intellectual property rights Process and complete sets of production and application of patented technology. PBAT is also a polymer material, which can replace ordinary disposable plastic bags in use.
There are 5 different combinations of raw materials for fully biodegradable plastic products, PBAT+PLA (polylactic acid) or starch plastic is a cost-effective combination.

Plant → Corn starch → PLA+PBAT → Product → Organic soil

• Plant - Organic fertilizer can be used for crop growth

• Corn starch - With corn flour/cassava/grain starch,etc

• PLA+PBAT - Out-and-out biodegradable

• Product - Corn starch biodegradable producus

• Organic soil - Garbage can turn into organic fertilizer

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Global-Recycled-Standard

The Global Recycled Standard (GRS) is an international, voluntary, full product standard that sets requirements for third-party certification of Recycled Content, chain of custody, social and environmental practices, and chemical restrictions. The goal of the GRS is to increase use of Recycled materials in products and reduce/eliminate the harm caused by its production.
The objectives of the GRS are:
1 Track and trace Recycled input materials.
2 Provide customers (both brands and consumers) with a tool to make informed decisions.
3 Reduce harmful impact of production to people and the environment.
4 Provide assurance that materials in the final product are actually Recycled and processed more sustainably.

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D2W™

D2W™ grade 93389/C is an oxo-biodegradable additive based on a polyethylene carrier resin formulated for demanding processing application requiring a high degree of thermal stability, D2W appears as light brown particles.Under normal storage conditions the product has a shelf life of 18 months from the date of manufacture which is printed on the sack.D2W is an additive formulation that renders conventional polyolefins oxo-biodegradable.“OXO-biodegradation” is “degradation identified as resulting from oxidative and cell-mediated phenomena, either simultaneously or successively.”D2W oxo-biodegradable plastics are not currently intended for composting.If sent to landfill d 2 w oxo-biodegradable plastics will degrade in aerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions they become inert and will not emit methane.

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Ecopure

ECO are a class of plastics that degrade due to the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, molds (fungi) and algae.Features of ECO material:

1 With the addition of ECO, the plastic is biodegradable through anaerobic digestion in landfills and decomposes naturally in household composting. Tested according to ASTM D5511.
2 Clean and renewable energy: only water, carbon dioxide, bath gas and biomass (humus) are produced during the decomposition process. Tested according to ASTM D5511.

3 Clean and safe: 1-5 years biodegradation, no residue after biodegradation, like organic, microorganisms will continue to eat ECO treated plastic until it is not consumed, the rest of the materials are natural. Tested and passed ASTM E1963 BDP, it simply enhances natural processes by allowing microorganisms to enter the polymer chain.No change to the original physical properties of the plastic, the product can be recycled and reused without landfill, and the use time is long.

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Polylactic acid (PLA)

Polylactic acid is a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable resources such as grains.Traditional lactic acid fermentation mostly uses starchy raw materials. Used agricultural and sideline products such as corn, sugar cane, sugar beet, and potatoes as raw materials to ferment lactic acid, and then produce polylactic acid. Corn is the preferred raw material for the biodegradable plastic polylactic acid.Because lactic acid and lactide contain asymmetric carbon atoms, PLA with different stereoregularities, such as L-PLA, D-PLA and DL-PLA, can be obtained by polymerization. The degradation of PLA is divided into two stages:
1) First, it is pure chemical hydrolysis to lactic acid monomer;
2) The lactic acid monomer is degraded into carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms. The food cup made of polylactic acid can be completely degraded in only 60 days, which truly achieves the dual effect of ecology and economy.
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Material	Shelf life	Degradation time	Degradation mode	Products after degradation
PLA+PBAT+Corn Starch	10-15 months	4-6 months in the soil	Home/dust composted	H2O+CO2 ( degradation )
LDPE/HDPE/CPE+D2W	18-24 months	Decay after 18 months Become plastic pellets in 24 months	OXO-Biodegradable plastic	H2O+CO2+Plastic particles
LDPE/HDPE/CPE+EPI	18-24 months	Decay after 18 months Become plastic pellets in 24 months	OXO-Biodegradable plastic	H2O+CO2+Plastic particles
LDPE/HDPE/CPE+BDP	No time limit	1-5 years under anaerobic conditions	Under anaerobic conditions	CO2 methane and biomass
LDPE/HDPE/CPE+ECO	No time limit	1-5 years under anaerobic conditions	Under anaerobic conditions	CO2 methane and biomass
Green PE	Non -degradable	Reduce CO2 content in the air	100% recycle	Green polyethylene
GRS PE	Non -degradable	Recycle	Global recycling standards	Recycle

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